Enter your email Address

  • About Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
  • Home
  • Current Affairs
    • Daily News Analysis
    • IAS Next Current Affairs Notes
    • Yojna/Kurukshetra Summary
  • Law Updates
    • Bare Acts
    • Landmark Judgements
    • Contemporary Legal Topics
  • Study Material
    • For Civil Services
      • Economy
      • Environment & Ecology
      • Geography
      • History
      • Notes
      • Polity
      • Science
      • UP Special
    • For Judicial Services
      • Civil Procedure Code
      • Constitutional Law
      • Criminal Procedure Code
      • India Penal Code
      • Indian Contract Act
      • International Law
      • Jurisprudence
      • Law of Evidence
      • Law of Tort
      • Specific Relief Act
  • Syllabus
    • State Services
    • UPSC-IAS
    • Judicial Services
    • Delhi Judicial Service Syllabus
    • Gujarat Judicial Service Syllabus
    • Himachal Pradesh Judicial Services Syllabus
    • Haryana Judicial Service Syllabus
    • Bihar Judicial Services Syllabus
    • Rajasthan Judicial Service Syllabus
No Result
View All Result
IAS NEXT
No Result
View All Result
Home Study Material For Civil Services Environment & Ecology

Genetically Modified Organism (Transgenic Organism)

iasnext by iasnext
7 months ago
in Environment & Ecology
0
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

In GMO, genetic material (DNA) is altered or artificially introduced using genetic engineering techniques.

Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes.

Inserted genes usually come from a different organism (e.g. In Bt cotton, Bt genes from bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis are induced).

Genetic modification is done to induce a desirable new trait which does not occur naturally in the species.

GM techniques are used in:

Biological and medical research,

Production of pharmaceutical drugs,

Experimental medicine (e.g. gene therapy),

Agriculture (e.g. golden rice, Bt cotton etc.),

Genetically modified bacteria to produce the protein insulin,

To produce biofuels from some GM bacteria, etc.

Genetically modified crops (GM Crops or Biotech Crops)

They are the plants used in agriculture, whose DNA has been modified to induce a desired new trait.

A New trait might help in

Controlling certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions,

reduction of spoilage,

inducing resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to an herbicide),

improving the nutrient profile of the crop,

atmospheric nitrogen fixation by cereal crops,

inducing tolerance to high salt soils and to flooding in crops,

inducing drought resistance in crops,

prolonging shelf life and commercial value of fruits and vegetables.

Major GM Crops

Bt Cotton

Bt cotton is insect-resistant cotton variety.

Strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce different Bt toxins.

Bt toxins are insecticidal to the larvae of moths, bollworms, etc. but are harmless to other forms of life.

In 2002, a joint venture between Monsanto and Mahyco introduced Bt cotton to India.

Advantages

Increases yield of cotton due to effective control of three types of bollworms.

Reduction in insecticide use in the cultivation of Bt cotton in which bollworms are major pests.

Potential reduction in the cost of cultivation (depending on seed cost versus insecticide costs).

Problems with Bt Cotton

High cost of Bt cotton seeds as compared to non Bt cotton seeds.

Ineffective against sucking pests like whitefly.

Whitefly attack has become rampant in Punjab, Haryana and elsewhere.

The costs of Bt seed and insecticide increase the risk of farmer bankruptcy in low-yield rain-fed settings. 

Bt Brinjal

Brinjal is India’s second most consumed vegetable after potatoes.

Bt brinjal is created by inserting a crystal protein gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis.

Mahyco has developed the Bt brinjal variety.

Insecticide requirement for Bt brinjal is far less than its non-Bt counterpart for the control of FSB.

The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) cleared Bt brinjal for commercialization in 2009.

Following concerns raised by some scientists and anti-GMO activists, the GOI has imposed a moratorium on its commercial use (not a permanent ban).

Mahyco’s Bt brinjal is commercially grown in Bangladesh.

Golden rice

Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A, in the edible parts of rice.

It is mostly consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A.

Benefits of GMO

Crops

Enhanced taste and quality.

Reduced maturation time.

Increased nutrients, yields, and stress tolerance.

Improved resistance to disease, pests, and herbicides.

New products and growing techniques.

Animals

Increased resistance, productivity, hardness, and feed efficiency.

Better yields of meat, eggs, and milk.

Improved animal health and diagnostic methods.

Environment

“Friendly” bioherbicides and bioinsecticides.

Conservation of soil, water and energy.

Bioprocessing for forestry products.

Better natural waste management.

Society

Increased food security for growing population.

Tags: bacterium Bacillus thuringiensisGenetically modified crops (GM Crops or Biotech Crops)Genetically Modified Organism (Transgenic Organism)GM techniques are used in:GMOias next notes

Related Posts

Environment & Ecology

Ecology & Environment for UPSC CSE | Biodiversity & Conservation -For IAS/PCS-2021

by iasnext
November 8, 2020
0

Candidates are clueless not only due to the lack of quality materials or textbooks for the same but also due...

Read more

Environment under the UNO & other conventions- Part 1

September 14, 2020

Soil Conservation

September 9, 2020
Next Post

CLASSIFICATION AND KINDS OF RIGHTS

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Post Calendar

September 2020
M T W T F S S
 123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930  
    Oct »

Popular Posts

Uncategorized

IAS NEXT Test Series for IAS/PCS/PCS-J

by iasnext
February 12, 2021
0

Test series helps Aspirant to garnish the skill required to tackle the uncertain nature of the competitive Examinations. Various questions asked...

Read more

IAS NEXT Test Series for IAS/PCS/PCS-J

Bihar PCS-J Mains Model Test Paper of General studies -IAS NEXT

India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2019

(Latest Judgements of Supreme Court)

UPPCS -2020 Mains Papers for Practice

Torts or Wrong to personal Safety Freedom

Load More

Popular Posts

DESTROYING OR WEAKENING THE BINDING FORCE OF PRECEDENTS

by iasnext
September 19, 2020
0

Possession – Kinds of Possession & Theories of Possession

by iasnext
September 22, 2020
0

Equity imputes an intention to fulfill an obligation

by iasnext
October 30, 2020
0

Facebook Twitter Instagram Youtube LinkedIn

IAS NEXT is the best civil services coaching in Lucknow at Munsipulia, Indira Nagar Lucknow. Our All the courses are for English Medium Only.

Recent

IAS NEXT Test Series for IAS/PCS/PCS-J

February 12, 2021

Bihar PCS-J Mains Model Test Paper of General studies -IAS NEXT

February 9, 2021

Menu

  • Current Affairs
  • Law Updates
  • Study Material
  • Syllabus

Designed And Develop by Digital Prabhu

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Current Affairs
    • Daily News Analysis
    • IAS Next Current Affairs Notes
    • Yojna/Kurukshetra Summary
  • Law Updates
    • Bare Acts
    • Landmark Judgements
    • Contemporary Legal Topics
  • Study Material
    • For Civil Services
      • Economy
      • Environment & Ecology
      • Geography
      • History
      • Notes
      • Polity
      • Science
      • UP Special
    • For Judicial Services
      • Civil Procedure Code
      • Constitutional Law
      • Criminal Procedure Code
      • India Penal Code
      • Indian Contract Act
      • International Law
      • Jurisprudence
      • Law of Evidence
      • Law of Tort
      • Specific Relief Act
  • Syllabus
    • State Services
    • UPSC-IAS
    • Judicial Services
    • Delhi Judicial Service Syllabus
    • Gujarat Judicial Service Syllabus
    • Himachal Pradesh Judicial Services Syllabus
    • Haryana Judicial Service Syllabus
    • Bihar Judicial Services Syllabus
    • Rajasthan Judicial Service Syllabus

Designed And Develop by Digital Prabhu